Ngokusho kweNational Fire Protection Association, kunemililo yezindlu engaphezu kuka-354,000 minyaka yonke, ebulala isilinganiso sabantu abangaba ngu-2,600 futhi ilimaze abantu abangaphezu kuka-11,000. Ukufa okuningi okuhlobene nomlilo kwenzeka ebusuku lapho abantu belele.
Indima ebalulekile yezixwayiso zomusi ezibekwe kahle nezisezingeni eliphezulu isobala. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhlokoama-alamu omusi –i-ionization kanye ne-photoelectric. Ukwazi umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili kungakusiza ukuthi wenze isinqumo esingcono kakhulu mayelana nama-alamu omusi ukuze uvikele ikhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi lakho.
Ukufakwa kwe-ioni-alamu yomusis futhi ama-alamu e-photoelectric athembele ezindleleni ezihlukene ngokuphelele zokuthola imililo:
Ukufakwa kwe-ionsi-mokeaama-larms
Ukufakwa kwe-ionama-alamu omusi ziyidizayini eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Zakhiwe ngamapuleti amabili ashajwe ngogesi kanye negumbi elenziwe ngezinto ezikhipha imisebe ezenza umoya ohamba phakathi kwamapuleti ube yi-ion.
Amasekethe kagesi ngaphakathi kwebhodi alinganisa ngenkuthalo ugesi we-ionization okhiqizwa yilo mklamo.
Ngesikhathi somlilo, izinhlayiya zomlilo zingena ekamelweni le-ionization bese zingqubuzana ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi zihlangane nama-molecule omoya ane-ionized, okwenza inani lama-molecule omoya ane-ionized lehle njalo.
Amasekethe kagesi ngaphakathi kwebhodi azwa lolu shintsho ekamelweni futhi, lapho umkhawulo onqunyiwe udluliwe, i-alamu iyavulwa.
Ama-alamu entuthu kagesi
Ama-alamu entuthu kagesi zenzelwe ngokusekelwe endleleni intuthu yomlilo eshintsha ngayo ubukhulu bokukhanya emoyeni:
Ukusabalala kokukhanya: Iningi likagesi wesithombeizinto zokuthola intuthu sebenza ngesimiso sokusabalala kokukhanya. Banokukhanya kwe-LED kanye nesici esizwela ukukhanya. Ukukhanya kuqondiswa endaweni lapho into ezwela ukukhanya ingakwazi ukuyibona khona. Kodwa-ke, lapho izinhlayiya zomusi ezivela emlilweni zingena endleleni yokukhanya, ukukhanya kushayisa izinhlayiya zomusi bese kuphendukela esicini esizwela ukukhanya, okubangela i-alamu.
Ukuvimba kokukhanya: Ezinye izinhlobo zama-alamu e-photoelectric zakhiwe ngokuzungeza ukuvimba kokukhanya. Lawa ma-alamu aqukethe nomthombo wokukhanya kanye nesici esizwela ukukhanya. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, umbani wokukhanya uthunyelwa ngqo kulowo mbane. Lapho izinhlayiya zomusi zivimba kancane umbani wokukhanya, umphumela wedivayisi ezwela ukukhanya uyashintsha ngenxa yokuncipha kokukhanya. Lokhu kuncipha kokukhanya kutholakala ngesekethe ye-alamu bese kuqalisa i-alamu.
Ama-alamu ahlanganisiwe: Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobonhlobo zama-alamu ahlanganisiwe. Ama-alamu amaningi ahlanganisiweama-alamu omusi faka ubuchwepheshe be-ionization kanye ne-photoelectric ngethemba lokwandisa ukusebenza kwazo.
Ezinye izinhlanganisela zengeza izinzwa ezengeziwe, njenge-infrared, i-carbon monoxide, kanye nezinzwa zokushisa, ukusiza ekutholeni ngokunembile imililo yangempela nokunciphisa ama-alamu angamanga ngenxa yezinto ezifana nentuthu ye-toaster, umusi weshawa, njalo njalo.
Umehluko Obalulekile Phakathi Kokuhlanganiswa Kwe-Ionization kanye Ne-Ama-alamu Omusi We-Photoelectric
Izifundo eziningi zenziwe yi-Underwriters Laboratories (UL), i-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), kanye nabanye ukuze kutholakale umehluko obalulekile wokusebenza phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zeizinto zokuthola intuthu.
Imiphumela yalezi zifundo kanye nokuhlolwa ngokuvamile yembula okulandelayo:
Ama-alamu entuthu kagesi isabela emililweni evuthayo ngokushesha kakhulu kunezixwayiso ze-ionization (imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-50 ngokushesha). Imililo evuthayo ihamba kancane kodwa ikhiqiza intuthu eningi futhi iyisici esibulalayo kakhulu emililweni yasemakhaya.
Ama-alamu omusi asebenzisa i-ionization avame ukuphendula ngokushesha kancane (imizuzwana engama-30-90) emililweni evutha amalangabi (lapho amalangabi esakazeka khona ngokushesha) kune-alamu ye-photoelectric. I-NFPA iyaqaphela ukuthi aklanywe kahleama-alamu e-photoelectric ngokuvamile zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezixwayiso ze-ionization kuzo zonke izimo zomlilo, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo kanye nezinto.
Ama-alamu e-ionization ahlulekile ukunikeza isikhathi esanele sokuphuma kaningi kune-ama-alamu e-photoelectric ngesikhathi semililo evuthayo.
Ama-alamu e-ionization abangele ama-97% "ama-alamu akhathazayo"—izixwayiso ezingamanga—futhi, ngenxa yalokho, babenamathuba amaningi okukhubazeka ngokuphelele kunezinye izinhlobo zama-alamu omusi. I-NFPA iyaqaphela lokhoama-alamu entuthu kagesi zinenzuzo enkulu kunezixwayiso ze-ionization ekuzweleni kwe-alamu yamanga.
Yikuphi i-alamu yomusi kungcono kakhulu?
Iningi lokufa ngenxa yomlilo akubangelwa amalangabi kodwa ukuhogela intuthu, yingakho ukufa okuningi okuhlobene nomlilo—cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu—kwenzeka ngesikhathi abantu belele.
Njengoba kunjalo, kusobala ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ne- i-alamu yomusi ezingabona ngokushesha nangokunembile imililo evuthayo, ekhiqiza intuthu eningi kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba,ama-alamu entuthu kagesi zisebenza kahle kakhulu kunezixwayiso ze-ionization.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umehluko phakathi kwe-ionization kanyeama-alamu e-photoelectric emililweni evutha ngokushesha kwabonakala kuncane, futhi i-NFPA yaphetha ngokuthi ikhwalithi ephezuluama-alamu e-photoelectric kungenzeka ukuthi zisebenze kangcono kunezixwayiso ze-ionization.
Okokugcina, njengoba ama-alamu aphazamisayo angabangela abantu ukuthi bakhubazekeizinto zokuthola intuthu, okwenza zingabi usizo,ama-alamu e-photoelectric futhi kukhombisa inzuzo kule ndawo, ngoba ayithinteki kakhulu ezixwayisweni ezingamanga ngakho-ke ayinamathuba amaningi okuthi ingasebenzi.
Kusobala ukuthi,ama-alamu entuthu kagesi kuyisinqumo esinembile kakhulu, esithembekile, futhi ngenxa yalokho esiphephile, isiphetho esisekelwa yi-NFPA kanye nomkhuba ongabonakala naphakathi kwabakhiqizi nezinhlangano zokuphepha emlilweni.
Kuma-alamu ahlanganisiwe, akukho nzuzo ecacile noma ebalulekile ebonwe. I-NFPA iphethe ngokuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ayizange ivumelane nemfuneko yokufaka ubuchwepheshe obubili nomaama-alamu omusi we-photoionization, yize kungekho nanye kuzo eyingozi ngempela.
Kodwa-ke, iNational Fire Protection Association yaphetha ngokuthiama-alamu e-photoelectric ngezinzwa ezengeziwe, njenge-CO noma izinzwa zokushisa, zithuthukisa ukubonwa komlilo futhi zinciphisa kakhulu ama-alamu angamanga.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-02-2024