Njengoba izigameko zomlilo ziqhubeka nokubeka engcupheni ukuphila nempahla emhlabeni wonke, ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke baye bethula izinqubomgomo eziyisibopho ezidinga ukufakwa kwama-alamu entuthu ezindaweni zokuhlala nezohwebo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukubheka okujulile kokuthi amazwe ahlukene ayisebenzisa kanjani imithetho ye-alamu yentuthu.

 

I-united states

I-US bekungelinye lamazwe okuqala ukubona ukubaluleka kokufaka ama-alamu entuthu. Ngokusho kweNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA), cishe u-70% wokufa okuhlobene nomlilo kwenzeka ezindlini ezingenawo ama-alamu entuthu asebenzayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izwe ngalinye lenze imithethonqubo egunyaza ukufakwa kwe-alamu yentuthu kuzo zombili izakhiwo zokuhlala nezohwebo.

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhlala

Izifundazwe eziningi zase-US zidinga ukuthi ama-alamu entuthu afakwe kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala. Isibonelo, i-California iyala ukuthi ama-alamu entuthu kufanele abekwe kuwo wonke amakamelo okulala, indawo yokuhlala, kanye nephasishi. Amadivayisi kufanele athobele izindinganiso ze-UL (Underwriters Laboratories).

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhweba

Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano kufanele futhi zifakwe amasistimu ama-alamu omlilo ahlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-NFPA 72, ezihlanganisa izingxenye ze-alamu yentuthu.

 

i-United Kingdom

Uhulumeni wase-UK ugcizelela kakhulu ukuphepha emlilweni. Ngaphansi kwemithetho yokwakha, zonke izakhiwo zokuhlala nezohwebo ezisanda kwakhiwa kudingeka zibe nama-alamu entuthu.

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhlala

Amakhaya amasha e-UK kufanele abe nama-alamu entuthu afakwe ezindaweni zomphakathi esitezi ngasinye. Amadivayisi kufanele ahambisane ne-British Standards (BS).

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhweba

Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano ziyadingeka ukufaka amasistimu ama-alamu omlilo ahlangabezana nezindinganiso ze-BS 5839-6. Ukugcinwa njalo nokuhlolwa kwalezi zinhlelo nakho kuyagunyazwa.

 

iyuniyani yase-Europe

Amazwe angamalungu e-EU asebenzise imithetho eqinile ye-alamu yentuthu ngokuvumelana neziqondiso ze-EU, eqinisekisa ukuphepha komlilo ezakhiweni ezintsha.

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhlala

Amakhaya amasha kuwo wonke amazwe e-EU kufanele abe nama-alamu entuthu afakwe kuzo zonke izitezi ezindaweni zomphakathi. Isibonelo, i-Germany idinga amadivayisi ahlangabezana namazinga we-EN 14604.

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhweba

Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano kufanele futhi zihambisane ne-EN 14604 futhi zingaphansi kokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kanye nezinqubo zokunakekelwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza.

 

Australia

I-Australia isungule imithethonqubo ebanzi yokuphepha emlilweni ngaphansi kweKhodi yayo Kazwelonke Yokwakha. Lezi zinqubomgomo zidinga ama-alamu entuthu kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala ezintsha nezohwebo.

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhlala

Wonke amazinga amakhaya amasha kufanele afake ama-alamu entuthu ezindaweni ezivamile. Amadivayisi kufanele athobele i-Australian Standard AS 3786:2014.

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhweba

Izidingo ezifanayo ziyasebenza ezakhiweni zezentengiselwano, okuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile nokuhlola ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobela i-AS 3786:2014.

 

China

I-China iphinde yaqinisa izimiso zokuphepha komlilo ngoMthetho kazwelonke Wokuvikela Umlilo, ogunyaza ukufakwa kwama-alamu entuthu kuzo zonke izakhiwo ezintsha zokuhlala nezohwebo.

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhlala

Izakhiwo zokuhlala ezintsha ziyadingeka ukuze kufakwe ama-alamu entuthu ezindaweni zomphakathi esitezi ngasinye, ngokuvumelana nezinga likazwelonke le-GB 20517-2006.

 

Izakhiwo Zokuhweba

Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano kufanele zifake ama-alamu entuthu athobela i-GB 20517-2006 futhi ziqhube ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza.

 

Isiphetho

Emhlabeni jikelele, ohulumeni baqinisa imithetho ephathelene nokufakwa kwe-alamu yentuthu, bathuthukisa amandla okuxwayisa kusenesikhathi futhi banciphise izingozi ezihlobene nomlilo. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka futhi nezindinganiso zithuthuka, amasistimu ama-alamu entuthu azosakazeka kakhulu futhi afane. Ukunamathela kule mithetho akugcini nje ngokufeza izimfuneko ezingokomthetho kodwa futhi kuvikela izimpilo nezimpahla. Amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye ngokufanayo kufanele bazibophezele ekufakeni nasekugcinweni ngendlela efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha okuphezulu.